American Academy of Dermatology. "Teens And Tanning: A Dangerous Combination." Nursing Education Resources. Web. 05 Apr. 2010. http://www.medi-smart.com/derm-tanning.htm.
"recent survey...at a midwestern university found that 47 percent of students had used indoor tanning beds in the last year." "90 percent also admitted to knowing that tanning is a health risk, yet they continued to use tanning bed frequently."
"desire to tan...teens replied they preferred tanned skin, they wanted to emulate friends that were tan.."
"risk of skin cancer does not seem to be a factor in a teen's decison to tan."
"Pressure to conform to cosmetic ideals presented in popular culture and advertising are powerful factors influencing the young."
"The number one symptom of tanorexia is the constant desire to tan, even though you may realize that there are dangerous or even deadly consequences with doing so."
"Feeling that you look the best when you are tan, as well as feeling that other people look the best when they are tan also."
"Making statements such as, "I do not care if I get skin cancer in the future because the tan that I get right now is well worth it.'"
Tanning beds are classified as "Class I medical devices -- a category that includes tongue depressors and elastic bandages -- to a Class II or Class III device, which would permit the agency to impose greater restrictions."
"People under 30 who use tanning machines increase their risk of skin cancer by 75%, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer"
"ultraviolet radiation-emitting beds as "carcinogenic to humans," its highest category of cancer risk"
"melanoma rate among young women nearly tripled from 1973 to 2004, a National Cancer Institute study showed"
"Indoor Tanning Association with making false health and safety claims in its ads"
FDA "recommended that the [Indoor Tanning Association] add bolder warning labels to tanning beds, change how they are regulated by the FDA, and require parental consent"
"wants tanning beds to be manufactured and labeled in such a way that the public is better educated about their danger"
"want manufacturers to keep a registry monitoring the use of their products"
"Halpern noted that the use of tanning beds by young girls and women is growing -- as is their incidence of skin cancer. 'There is one calculation that as many as a quarter of the melanomas in young women can be attributed directly to tanning bed use,' he said."
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsh&AN=35188086&site=ehost-live
Loh, Andrea Y. "ARE ARTIFICIAL TANS THE NEW CIGARETTE? HOW PLAINTIFFS CAN USE THE LESSONS OF TOBACCO LITIGATION IN BRINGING CLAIMS AGAINST THE INDOOR TANNING INDUSTRY." Michigan Law Review 107.2 (2008): 365-390. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Web. 5 Apr. 2010.
"Gone are the days when fair complexion was desirable because it indicated one's wealth and ability to avoid outdoor manual labor. Today the coveted look is quite the opposite---darkly tanned individuals are perceived to be the healthiest, wealthiest, and most attractive."
Doctors--"frequent use of tanning facilities contributes to drastic increases in skin cancer rates, especially among young women"
Since 1975--"...melanoma, has doubled in women fifteen to twenty-nine years old"
“The Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), the American Academy of Dermatology, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Department of Health and Human Services, the World Health Organization, and the American Medical Association, as well as individual doctors and health care professionals, all recognize that increases in UV exposure, such as those received through the use of indoor tanning beds…cause skin cancer.”
tanning companies deny any link between skin cancer and tanning beds and even say they offer benefits
both cigarette smoking and tanning are "non-essential" products used for "cosmetic...motivation" and have been "scientifically proven to cause disease, specifically cancer" which the companies deny connection to disease and they work in "encouraging youth consumption"
"public health campaigns to educate consumers...have proven unsuccessful at eliminating use"
Lawsuits have been filed against both products claiming they caused injury to consumers
"the public is not always aware of the serious health risks associated with indoor tanning"
both tanning and tobacco industries are "mitigating health concerns, appealing to a sense of social acceptance, emphasizing psychotrophic effects, and targeting specific population segments"
both are trying to promote products that are "safer" than before, i.e. "filtered" cigarettes and "UVB-free" tanning beds
"consumers are led to believe that UV exposure from both natural sunlight and tanning beds is beneficial in producing vitamin D, which research suggests may provide protection against heart disease and other cancers"
"'What these ads omit is that UV exposure increases your risk of skin cancer, and there are safer ways to get this important vitamin,' said Dr. Jones. 'An adequate amount of vitamin D can be obtained from vitamin D supplements - without the health risks of obtaining vitamin D from intentional UV exposure.'"
Both industries try to "make consumers believe they are 'smart'" by using their products
"While Dr. Jones and his colleague concluded that further consumer education about the dangers of tanning is needed, they also point out that the lack of government regulation has allowed the tanning industry to thrive on the public's misconceptions about tanning through deceptive advertising practices."
ITC tries to portray tanning as safe and beneficial when the facts point to otherwise
"Color billboards and glossy magazine advertisements for tanning salons are everywhere. While each has a slightly different image, all are similar in nature – a beautiful, deeply tanned figure, slathered in oil and wearing very little, smiles provocatively with a ‘come hither’ look. And for just an instant, onlookers picture themselves lying on a tropical beach, looking alluring and serene."
"Regardless of the advertising claims, no UVA or UVB tanning device is safe."
"Tanning salons are alluring because being bronzed has become synonymous with beauty"
"'I go tanning because I really like the look of bronzed skin,' Nevena says. 'I didn’t used to feel pressure to be tanned, but as I got older, friends teased me for looking pale, and I also felt pressure from society to be darker. Now, I just feel more beautiful that way.'"
Nevana also says, "'My friends who go a lot don’t care if it causes cancer. They are preoccupied with how good they look afterwards.'"
Tanning salons are not what equate tanning with beauty: “'The media in general portrays tanned people as being healthier or more affluent,' Chon says. 'The look of a summertime tan has become a part of American culture.'”
"Women who use tanning beds more than once a month are 55% more likely to develop malignant melanoma"
occasional use among people under 35 "almost tripled the chances of developing melanoma"
not enough Vitamin D? "try drinking vitamin D fortified milk or orange juice, fortified cereals, or take oral supplements"
Tanning salons falsely claim that the Vitamin D helps reduce cancer risk when "only a small amount of sunlight is needed for the body to manufacture vitamin D"
"The popularity of tanning and tanning beds is one of the reasons that melanoma is becoming more common in the United States and in other countries around the world."
Morse, Jody. "Addicted to Tanning? Tanorexia May Be the Cause." Stirpes. 09 May 2007. Web. 05 Apr. 2010. <http://forum.stirpes.net/psychology-sociology-philosophy/18789-addicted-tanning-tanorexia-may-cause.html>.
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Szabo, Liz. "Tanning beds face new taxes and restrictions." USA Today n.d.: Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Web. 1 Apr. 2010.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=c9h&AN=1C2L3537445411&site=ehost-live
Reinberg, Steven. "FDA Advisers Urge Stricter Regulation of Tanning Beds." HealthDay Consumer News Service 26 Mar. 2010: Consumer Health Complete - EBSCOhost. EBSCO. Web. 5 Apr. 2010.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsh&AN=35188086&site=ehost-live
Loh, Andrea Y. "ARE ARTIFICIAL TANS THE NEW CIGARETTE? HOW PLAINTIFFS CAN USE THE LESSONS OF TOBACCO LITIGATION IN BRINGING CLAIMS AGAINST THE INDOOR TANNING INDUSTRY." Michigan Law Review 107.2 (2008): 365-390. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Web. 5 Apr. 2010.
"Study Compares Advertising Tactics between Indoor Tanning and Tobacco Industries to Market Unhealthy Products." THE MEDICAL NEWS. Mar. 2010. Web. 11 Apr. 2010. http://www.news-medical.net/news/20100301/Study-compares-advertising-tactics-between-indoor-tanning-and-tobacco-industries-to-market-unhealthy-products.aspx.
Ross, Gaetane. "The Reasons Why Tanning Is So Popular." EzineArticles Submission. Web. 11 Apr. 2010. http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Reasons-Why-Tanning-is-So-Popular&id=2151850.
Winters, Rachel. "Get a Healthy Glow." Cancer Treatment and Cancer Research - MD Anderson Cancer Center. May 2009. Web. 11 Apr. 2010. <http://www.mdanderson.org/publications/focused-on-health/issues/2009-may/get-a-healthy-glow-focused-on-health-may-2009.html>.